The study of mental procedures and human performance by observing, understanding, and recording how people and animals relate to one another within their respective environments. To do this, psychology students often seek patterns that would help comprehend and calculate a person’s conduct using systematic methods, principles, or procedures to test their theories. Using such research methods, psychologists have been able to better understand differences between individuals, groups, cultures, institutions, organizations, and nations. Doctorate degrees can be required to practice independently as a psychologist. These graduates can qualify for a diverse range of clinical, research, teaching, and counseling positions within healthcare services, elementary, universities, and secondary schools, government, and private industry. Those with a doctoral degree can work in private practices or in clinical positions, but they also sometimes conduct research, carry out administrative responsibilities, or possibly teach.